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Caroline Gau-Cabée (dir.), Le métissage des droits en Afrique subsaharienne francophone, 2022.

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Caroline Gau-Cabée (dir.), Le métissage des droits en Afrique subsaharienne francophone, N°3 des Publications Dikè du CTHDIP, Ouvrage numérique disponible en ligne 

LE MÉTISSAGE DES DROITS EN AFRIQUE SUBSAHARIENNE FRANCOPHONE, SOUS LA DIRECTION DE CAROLINE GAU-CABÉE.

Télécharger le volume ici

 En 2021, le programme de formation doctorale Dikè, porté par le CTHDIP, a décliné en deux temps le thème du métissage des droits en Afrique subsaharienne francophone.

Les mutations du droit en Afrique constituent en effet un champ d’investigation privilégié, susceptible de nourrir une réflexion fondamentale sur le droit, et de renouveler notre manière de penser la juridicité. Il s’agit également de montrer combien il est difficile de rendre compte de la pluralité dans des États unitaires, écartelés entre les réalités d’un passé qui dure et les exigences du futur à construire. Comment concilier le pluralisme sociologique et juridique endogène avec un modèle moniste légaliste exogène ? Comment élaborer un système juridique effectif, au service d’une économie moderne et néanmoins compatible avec la réalité socio-culturelle fondamentalement pluraliste des sociétés africaines ?

Toutes ces questions sont au cœur de la construction contemporaine des droits africains. C’est précisément ce qui mobilise les chercheurs qui s’intéressent à l’Afrique, toutes disciplines confondues, depuis des décennies. Le thème du transfert de droit, de la coexistence des ordres juridiques (formel et informel) de l’inter-normativité en Afrique Subsaharienne francophone n’est évidemment pas nouveau, mais il peut, et doit même être sans cesse réinvesti, parce que les problématiques restent complexes et les questionnements nombreux.

Une première journée d’études organisée en janvier 2021 s’est inscrite dans le prolongement de cette réflexion permanente sur les formes de la juridicité en Afrique. En mobilisant plusieurs disciplines, les participants étaient invités à croiser leurs regards sur le droit privé africain en interrogeant la place des coutumes – plus largement de la régulation informelle – et du droit écrit dans des ordres juridiques pluralistes, ainsi que leur mise en oeuvre dans la gestion des conflits, hier et aujourd’hui. Il s’agissait en effet de privilégier, sur ces questions, une approche pluridisciplinaire en sollicitant des chercheurs issus de différents horizons scientifiques, pour un public de juristes, d’historiens du droit et d’anthropologues.

Parce que « la pluralité des mondes, c’est aussi la diversité des possibles » ⃰, la perspective des regards croisés nous a paru aussi évidente que nécessaire. Convoquer l’histoire, l’anthropologie, et le droit positif pour nourrir cette réflexion sur les modèles juridiques africains, c’était demeurer fidèle à la pensée de Guy-Adjété Kouassigan et, d’une certaine façon, préparer l’hommage que nous souhaitions lui rendre. Quarante ans après la mort de ce grand juriste togolais, le second volet du programme Dikè a réuni en décembre, autour de son épouse et de ses enfants, plusieurs historiens du droit pour évoquer l’homme et son œuvre. Une œuvre forte, hélas inachevée, qui incarne le dialogue des cultures et des disciplines, et où l’on retrouve, dans un style limpide, ciselé et profondément émouvant, les trois passions qui ont guidé ses choix et nourri sa réflexion : l’Homme, l’Afrique et le Droit.

Ce troisième numéro de la collection numérique Dikè réunit, en deux parties, les contributions de tous ceux qui ont participé à ces rencontres scientifiques.

⃰ G.-A. Kouassigan, Afrique : Révolution ou diversité des possibles, Paris, L’Harmattan, 1985, p. 10.

Sommaire.

Première partie, Regards croisés sur le droit privé africain. Coutumes et droit écrit : le dialogue impossible

Caroline GAU-CABÉE, La tentation moniste et la réception du modèle juridique occidental en Afrique subsaharienne francophone après 1960

Séraphin NENE BI, Structures et mécanismes de l’organisation de la justice dans les sociétés traditionnelles de Côte d’Ivoire. Aspects anthropo-historiques

Sophie ANDREETTA, Affaires d’héritage à Cotonou : comment la loi a changé les familles

Moussa THIOYE, Le droit coutumier africain, un droit à part entière et un droit largement à part

Pierre Etienne KENFACK, Les droits traditionnels dans l’ordre juridique camerounais aujourd’hui

Boubou BA, La justice précoloniale en Mauritanie : entre coutume et charia islamique

Deuxième partie – Guy-Adjété Kouassigan (1934-1981) Une œuvre pionnière, un destin d’exception. Ou comment servir l’Homme, l’Afrique, le Droit

Irène KOUASSIGAN, Guy Adjété Kouassigan : l’Homme et le droit

Caroline GAU-CABÉE, Guy-Adjété Kouassigan : regards croisés sur trois opus

André CABANIS, Kouassigan, un destin exemplaire.

Bernard DURAND, Être un « autre » en Afrique ? « Vivre entre deux Mondes », les indépendances venues

Livres

Book : Hedi Viterbo, Problematizing Law, Rights, and Childhood in Israel/Palestine (Cambridge University Press, 2021).

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Hedi Viterbo, Problematizing Law, Rights, and Childhood in Israel/Palestine (Cambridge University Press, 2021).
 
Summary: In this book, Hedi Viterbo radically challenges our picture of law, human rights, and childhood, both in and beyond the Israel/Palestine context. He reveals how Israel, rather than disregarding international law and children’s rights, has used them to hone and legitimize its violence against Palestinians. He exposes the human rights community’s complicity in this situation, due to its problematic assumptions about childhood, its uncritical embrace of international law, and its recurring emulation of Israel’s security discourse. He examines how, and to what effect, both the state and its critics manufacture, shape, and weaponize the categories “child” and “adult.” Bridging disciplinary divides, Viterbo analyzes hundreds of previously unexamined sources, many of which are not publicly available. Bold, sophisticated, and informative, Problematizing Law, Rights, and Childhood in Israel/Palestine provides unique insights into the ever-tightening relationship between law, children’s rights, and state violence, at both the local and global levels.
 
Publisher’s website: http://cambridge.org/9781316519998
 
 
Livres

Book : BENJAMIN VAN LIEL, Pour une anthRopologie complexe du crime. Eléments pour sortir la criminologie de sa misère épistémologique

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Présentation de l’éditeur

Le statut épistémologique de la criminologie est l’objet de controverses académiques stériles. Cet ouvrage vise à donner un aperçu de ce débat et à prendre position. Pour ce faire, les prolégomènes sur le crime (réalité substantielle, construction sociale, déviance, délinquance, etc.) seront présentés dans un premier temps, afin de saisir la complexité de l’objet d’étude. Ensuite, un portrait historique de cinq traditions criminologiques (italienne, française, belge, allemande, nord-américaine) sera dressé pour comprendre les enjeux de cette science. Après, la criminologie sera analysée d’un point de vue épistémologique pour exposer la situation complexe dans laquelle son objet d’étude la plonge. Enfin, une solution paradigmatique pour sortir la criminologie de sa misère épistémologique sera proposée à partir d’une anthropologie du crime complexe.

Benjamin Van Liel est chercheur et professeur de sciences humaines et sociales.

Criminologie , 190 pages.  20 €

Site de l’éditeur : https://www.editions-harmattan.fr/index.asp?navig=catalogue&obj=livre&no=66844

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Book : History and Power in the Study of Law: New Directions in Legal Anthropology

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Starr, June and Jane F. Collier. History and Power in the Study of Law: New Directions in Legal Anthropology.Cornell University Press, 2018. Project MUSE,

Summary : Building on earlier work in the anthropology of law and taking a critical stance toward it, June Starr and Jane F. Collier ask, “Should social anthropologists continue to isolate the ‘legal’ as a separate field of study?” To answer this question, they confront critics of legal anthropology who suggest that the subfield is dying and advocate a reintegration of legal anthropology into a renewed general anthropology. Chapters by anthropologists, sociologists, and law professors, using anthropological rather than legal methodologies, provide original analyses of particular legal developments. Some contributors adopt an interpretative approach, focusing on law as a system of meaning; others adopt a materialistic approach, analyzing the economic and political forces that historically shaped relations between social groups. Contributors include Said Armir Arjomand, Anton Blok, Bernard Cohn, George Collier, Carol Greenhouse, Sally Falk Moore, Laura Nader, June Nash, Lawrence Rosen, June Starr, and Joan Vincent.

Contents : https://muse.jhu.edu/chapter/2094990/pdf

PROJECT MUSE : https://muse.jhu.edu/book/58039

Livres

LIVRE : Les reliques en action – Variations juridiques sur la force agissante des choses sacrées

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Sous la direction de Xavier Perrot (Presses Universitaires de Limoges, 2019)

Le présent ouvrage fait suite à un colloque qui s’est tenu à la Faculté de Droit et des Sciences Économiques de Limoges en 2016, année des 72e Ostensions septennales limousines et marchoises. Ces célébrations furent l’occasion pour juristes et historiens de réinterroger, différemment peut-être, la notion de relique à l’aune de ce corps-objet qui, faisant image, fait agir et réagir au sein de l’espace sacré d’hier, mais aussi civique d’aujourd’hui.

Dix contributions consacrées essentiellement aux reliques chrétiennes se distribuent ainsi dans ce volume, autour de la triade Réagir, Vénérer, Douter, trois verbes d’action qui lèvent un coin du voile sur le mystère de la sainteté, les émotions face au sacré et les enjeux juridiques contemporains. Objets de vénération, parfois de détestation, objets patrimoniaux et également objets de droit, les reliques sont bien dans la cité – en action – ce qui en fait des objets bons à penser pour les sciences sociales.

Sommaire :

– Avant-propos, Xavier Perrot

Vénérer

– L’agilité triomphante des saints : le « corps animé » de Catherine de Bologne (Stéphane Boiron)

– Le manuscrit de la lettre florentine des Pandectes : une relique civique (Valérie Hayaert)

– Réflexions sur l’inscription des Ostensions septennales limousines par l’UNESCO sur la Liste représentative du patrimoine culturel immatériel de l’humanité (Virginie Saint-James)

Réagir

– Reliques et puissance sacrale paroissiale – Limoges XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles (Pascal Texier)

– Une « dévotion indiscrète » Privation de reliques et émotion populaire au début du XVIIIe siècle. Le cas de saint Julien d’Alexandrie (Albrecht Burkardt)

– Le dernier voyage de saint Jean de Rila La translation des reliques dans le contexte du début de la domination ottomane (Ivan Biliarsky)

– Les reliques et les Protestants (Dominique Gaurier)

Douter

– Définir la relique : entre authenticité et identité (Laura Viaut)

– Statut du cadavre et reliques humaines (Anne-Blandine Caire)

– Les Ostensions limousines devant le Conseil d’état (Jean Morange)

Collection CIAJ
Année de publication 2019
Langue Français
ISBN10 2-84-287-736-1
ISBN13 9782842877361
Format Livre broché
Pages 216
Discipline Droits, Sciences éco, gestion

SITE DE l’EDITEUR : ICI

Livres

Book Review: An Anthropology of Marxism by Cedric J. Robinson

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In An Anthropology of Marxism, reissued posthumously, Cedric J. Robinson provides a novel lens for deconstructing the work of Karl Marx by challenging Marx’s assertion that capitalism is an essential precondition for socialism. Robinson’s account holds great potential as a tool of political praxis, writes Eric Loefflad, and its critique of Marxism offers a new dimension of Marxist strategy for today’s world. An Anthropology of Marxism. Cedric J. Robinson. Pluto Press. 2019. 
In the decade following the 2008 financial crisis, global inequality is rising, climate disaster is impending and far-right authoritarianism is enjoying one political victory after another. As existing institutional logics fail to explain, let alone rectify, these situations, it is unsurprising that Karl Marx’s critique of capitalism, long marginalised after the fall of the Soviet Union, is experiencing a resurgence. However, this renewed Marxist interest is accompanied by claims that Marxism is prone to rigidity/exclusionism in its theory of universal emancipation. Diverse in its manifestations, this line of critique has portrayed the Marxist tradition as flawed in its primary location of transformative agency in a predominantly white male industrial working class whose exploitation is facilitated by their status as formally equal agents. What is lost in this account is capitalism’s reliance on inequality-based structures that include: the uncompensated labour of women in the domestic sphere, racialised colonial dispossession and the coerced extraction of value from slaves, serfs and peasants.

Against this backdrop, Cedric J. Robinson’s An Anthropology of Marxism (hereinafter ‘Anthropology’) provides a novel lens for deconstructing the work of Marx and the critiques lodged against it. Reissued from its original 2001 edition with a foreword from HLT Quan and a preface by Avery Gordon, the central argument of the now deceased Robinson is that Marx was incorrect in his assertion that capitalism is an essential precondition for socialism. Here he frames Marx’s theoretical synthesis of German philosophy, English political economy and the French revolutionary legacy as failing to interrogate its own cultural and intellectual presumptions. Rather, by rejecting pre-Enlightenment emancipatory endeavours as inconsequential instances of ‘primitive socialism’, Marx embraced the very conceits of bourgeois ideology he purported to critique. From this premise, Robinson offers an alternative genealogy of socialism by turning to eleventh-, twelfth- and thirteenth-century Europe. According to this narrative, peasant uprisings against the power of merchants, feudal lords and the hierarchy of the Catholic Church were driven by interpretations of Christianity that, in varying form, called for radical distributional and gender equality. This foundational eruption of socialism prompted the existing order to suppress these efforts through a reconfiguration of previously pluralistic Christian doctrines that labelled these popular movements as ‘heretical’. Yet, despite this concerted suppression, a formative socialism lived on through religious orders such as the Franciscans, and later the Jesuits, who attained influence as dispute resolvers and charity-providers throughout Europe and later its overseas colonies.

From here, Robinson shows how the legacies of formative socialism shaped the thought of both Immanuel Kant and Georg Hegel, yet were excluded from Marx’s depiction of these theorists. Following this, Anthropology turns to Marx’s usage of Aristotle. Here Robinson claims that Aristotle’s conception of a political society of formally equal citizens, and its erasure of women and slaves, is reproduced in Marx’s conception of proletariat agency and its emphasis on formal equality as constitutive of capitalist social relations. For Robinson, this exclusion of medieval socialist formulations that centred the plight of formally unequal subjects was symptomatic of Marx’s investment in bourgeois Enlightenment conceptions of linear progress through rationality. Thus, under Marx’s influence:the originated discourse in Western socialism became subjugated knowledges. In their place socialism acquired an alternative and secularized natural history, one drawn from the discursive practices of scientific discourse and bourgeois hagiography (111).In evaluating Robinson’s argument, we must understand the intervention he was making in the context of Anthropology’s original 2001 publication. As Quan notes in the foreword, Robinson can be read as a response to the anti-socialist ethos of the post-Cold War era that purported to discard Marxism into the world-historic repository of failed ideas. Thus, in continuing the socialist project by unmooring it from its Marxist baggage, Robinson’s claim was ‘an unwavering act of faith in the ability and role of ordinary women and men to make their society anew’ (p. ix, notes omitted). While this may clarify Robinson’s purpose, it raises the question of how his analysis should be treated in our current moment in which Marxist critique has regained its relevance.That said, one means of engaging Robinson’s Anthropology is to understand it through the same modes of Marxist analysis it critiques. WhileAnthropology decries dialectical materialism as bourgeois intellectual arrogance that deprived socialism of its original promise, ironically Anthropology can be interpreted as presenting an extraordinarily innovative dialectic in its own right.  Here, if socialism, i.e. spiritual anti-hierarchical medieval communalism, was a ‘thesis’ that found its ‘antithesis’ in the individualistic rationality of the bourgeois Enlightenment, then Marxism can be understood as a ‘synthesis’ of the socialist ethic with Enlightenment analytical methods.This interpretation is supported by William Robert’s recent contextualisation of Capital within the workers’ movement of Marx’s time, which shows how Marx’s theory stemmed from claims that labour’s political goals required a sufficiently radical understanding of its distinct arena of struggle. If the medievally-rooted socialist ethic informed this backdrop of labour activism, then, far from ‘intellectual conceit’, Marx’s mastery over bourgeois theory for the purpose of levying an all-pervasive critique acted to prevent workers’ assertions from being co-opted by ultimately futile capitalist offerings of reform. While this view preserves Robinson’s premise that the existence of socialism is not contingent on the emergence of capitalism, it does add the caveat that perhaps socialism, at least in Marx’s context, required Marxism to resist capitalism.Nothing about this interpretation should detract from Robinson’s overarching point that we must decentre the agency of Marx’s privileged white male industrial working class when theorising anti-capitalist resistance. Although the Marxist tradition is certainly not without chauvinism in this regard, it has also been remarkably adaptive to self-critique. A key illustration of this is Onur Ince’s demonstration of how capitalist domination is a globally interconnected force, but its exploitation is experienced (and resisted) in different ways across varying temporal and spatial contexts that include wage labour, involuntary servitude and colonial dispossession. In taking this multi-layered perspective to the next level, Anthropology shows how postcolonial/decolonial critiques of Marxist orthodoxies regarding the non-European world also apply to Europe itself.Beyond its analytical value, Robinson’s account holds great potential as a tool of political praxis.  For what Anthropology confronts is the question of how exactly are we to make sense of the cultural and political significance of Europe’s medieval period in our current global moment? Especially in Europe and settler offshoots, this historical period is susceptible to being problematically invoked by both the liberal centre and the far right. For liberal centrists, this era can be characterised as an alleged ‘dark age’ of ignorant barbarism, and the fact that it was transcended justifies the narrative of linear progress. For the far right, this era acts as an alleged ‘golden age’ of pure white Christian identity that justifies the resurrection of violent, and potentially genocidal, fascism. Both of these narratives mischaracterise the material dynamics of the current global crisis and, in varying capacities, both are rooted in the belief in Western superiority over all other peoples. Through Robinson’s account, we are provided with a third option for understanding the contemporary meaning of Europe’s middle ages: a legacy of ordinary people struggling for emancipation against unjust material conditions. Thus, paradoxically, Anthropology’s relentless critique of Marxism offers great potential in forging an entirely new dimension of Marxist strategy in the actually-existing world.

Eric Loefflad is a PhD candidate in Law at the University of Kent, Canterbury. His current research focuses on the intertwined material histories of law, empire and the emergence of modern political consciousness.

Note: This review gives the views of the author, and not the position of the LSE Review of Books blog, or of the London School of Economics. 
Livres

bOOK REVIEW : Aboriginal Peoples and the Law: A Critical Introduction. Jim Reynolds. UBC Press. 2018.

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Book Review: Aboriginal Peoples and the Law: A Critical Introduction by Jim Reynolds

Posted: 14 May 2019 06:13 AM PDTIn Aboriginal Peoples and the Law: A Critical Introduction, Jim Reynolds offers an excellent new encapsulation of Canadian Aboriginal law, discussing 163 cases stretching from 1823 up until the present day and covering topics including sovereignty, Aboriginal title and treaties. Reynolds draws on his wealth of experience to provide a compendious summary of the development of Aboriginal law in Canada, writes Sarah Pike. Aboriginal Peoples and the Law: A Critical Introduction. Jim Reynolds. UBC Press. 2018.

‘Thoughtful and well-written (though brief!) analysis…’. This was part of the feedback I received in law school in 1993 on my Aboriginal Law paper about ‘Aboriginal title’, an Indigenous interest in land recognised by the common law. It occurs to me now, after practising Aboriginal law for much of the last 25 years and recently reading Jim Reynolds’s excellent new encapsulation of Canadian Aboriginal law, Aboriginal Peoples and the Law: A Critical Introduction, that my haste may not have been the only contributor to my brevity. In my defence – I now realise – there simply was a dearth of judicial decisions on my topic. Aboriginal Peoples makes clear from its very first page – a helpful one-page list of leading cases in Canadian Aboriginal law, stretching from 1823 (an American case) to 2016 – that there has been an explosion of Canadian judicial decisions concerning Aboriginal peoples and interests since the 1990s.
Of the 36 cases Reynolds lists on this opening page – his book discusses 163 overall – only ten had been decided when I was in law school. With respect to Aboriginal title, the subject matter of my paper, there were only two. The first was St. Catherine’s Milling (1888), decided by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in England sitting in appeal from a judgment of the Supreme Court of Canada (as it did then) but not involving any Indigenous parties. The second was Calder (1973), the first case brought by Indigenous plaintiffs for a declaration of Aboriginal title. The Supreme Court of Canada decided the case in 1973 but not on the merits, as the majority of the court held that the plaintiffs had not obtained the Crown’s consent to sue it – a fiat – as was required at the time. Reynolds discusses these two cases in several places in his book, most notably in a section entitled ‘History of the Law of Aboriginal Title’ (94-102).
Reynolds obtained his undergraduate law degree in 1967 and his PhD in law in 1970, both from the London School of Economics; he then taught at LSE for several years and qualified as a barrister in England, before becoming a barrister and solicitor in British Columbia in 1980. Over the last 40 years, he has had a front-row (and occasionally a driver’s) seat to many of the developments in Canadian Aboriginal law. Reynolds has now bestowed on us the benefit of his experience, teaching ability, concise writing and learned synthesis of how we got to where we are today in Canada with respect to the subject matters of his title: Aboriginal Peoples and the Law.
Aboriginal Peoples, as the publisher blurb explains, is aimed at ‘students taking both introductory and specialist courses in Aboriginal law, Indigenous studies, or the social sciences; lawyers with an interest in Aboriginal law; and journalists, government officials, business people, and other members of the public who want a better understanding of where the law stands today and where it should go in the future’. As a lawyer with several decades behind me, I learned something on nearly every page. Most importantly, I appreciated Reynolds’s explanation of the context in which the law has been made through judges’ decisions and also of the relationships between the history and the present and between various sub-fields of Aboriginal law. But I also used this book as my course textbook when I recently taught a law school Aboriginal Law course. My students, I believe, found Aboriginal Peoples a straightforward and easily-comprehensible explanation of the law that enabled them to get up to speed quickly and to begin to analyse current legal issues.
Each of the book’s eight chapters averages just under 30 pages and is well-written in plain English. Reynolds assumes the reader’s intelligence, but not that she is coming to the book with years of experience in Aboriginal law: indeed, his first chapter is entitled ‘What is Aboriginal Law?’. Reynolds includes an important second chapter on the ‘Historical Background’ to Aboriginal law in Canada, a topic indispensable to a proper understanding of Aboriginal law. Reynolds then adds a third foundational chapter, ‘Sovereignty and Aboriginal-Crown Relations’, again providing the reader with this essential overarching perspective.
The heart of Aboriginal Peoples – at least, perhaps, from a law student’s or lawyer’s perspective – is its middle chapters about ‘Aboriginal Rights and Title’, ‘Treaties’ and ‘Consultation, Accommodation, and Consent’. Here, Reynolds discusses the historical development of the caselaw on each broad legal topic, bringing the reader right up to the most recently-decided cases (as of mid-2018). He synthesises both judicial decisions and scholarship, enabling the reader to see the fabric that the law has woven, rather than only the threads making up that fabric.
Reynolds’s penultimate chapter addresses two vast topics:  ‘Indigenous and International Law’.  Indigenous law, in particular, is a rapidly-developing field as Indigenous peoples recover and develop their own laws and legal systems, many of which settler societies and legal systems around the world almost eradicated. Those who are interested in this field – in which there has been a bounty of Canadian legal academic writing in the last decade or more – might be disappointed that Reynolds does not provide more in this chapter. Some might also argue with his assertion that Indigenous laws ‘do not form part of the Canadian law except to the extent that they have been incorporated into Canadian common law’ (175). Yet Reynolds was relying on a judge’s decision in drawing that conclusion, and those who wish to read more about this topic – or any other that Reynolds so ably canvasses – can investigate further by following the plethora of footnotes accompanying each chapter.
In his final chapter, ‘A Just Society?’, Reynolds – appropriately – provides more questions than answers about the future of Aboriginal law in Canada, including ‘probably the most important question for non-Aboriginal people in areas such as British Columbia’ – Reynolds’s home and mine – ‘where treaties have not been signed and Aboriginal title still exists’. This question is: ‘what does Aboriginal title mean for private property rights?’ (200). Indeed, this aspect of Aboriginal title is now a topic for law school papers, and Reynolds’s book is an excellent place to start in understanding this still-unresolved conflict between two legal interests that both appear to ‘confer exclusive use and possession’ of land (201). Aboriginal Peoplesbrings the reader up-to-date with respect to the current caselaw on Aboriginal title, explaining the Supreme Court of Canada’s decisions in Delgamuukw (1997), then Marshall; Bernard (2005) and, finally, Tsilhqot’in (2014) (see especially Chapter Four), thereby helping him to more fully understand the intricacies of the remaining questions.
Reynolds concludes Aboriginal Peoples with a section entitled ‘Evaluation of Existing Law’, writing in the first person, as he does on occasion through the book. In my experience, one of the difficulties in analysing Aboriginal law – whether a court decision or academic commentary – is perceiving the writer’s perspective, and I appreciated knowing when Reynolds was attempting to objectively explain the law and when he was commenting on it. His approach, I believe, contributes to the reader’s comprehension of the extent to which individual perspective affects Aboriginal law in Canada; indeed, this matter of ‘who is doing the writing?’ is itself one of the final topics Reynolds addresses. He provides his opinion that some of the Supreme Court of Canada’s decisions in Aboriginal law favour ‘liberal discourses of rights’, which include ‘an approach to equality that ignores, among other things, disparities in resources, political and social power, and social inequality generally’ (212-13). If a mark of a great book is that it makes one want to read further in the topic, then Reynolds has done a fine job. As is evident from this brief example, the questions and issues that Reynolds raises in his final pages are ones that not only law students and lawyers must consider, but also all citizens of Canada and many other settler nations as well.
That Reynolds provides us with his perspective occasionally in Aboriginal Peoples gives us a chance to reflect on how lucky we are as readers to be able to receive this, in addition to his compendious summary of the development of Aboriginal law in Canada. Were I to go back in my time machine to 1993 to discuss my paper with my law professor, I would keep Aboriginal Peoples and The Law: A Critical Introduction in my back pocket to help me better understand where we were in 1993, where we would be in 2018 and where we might very well end up in the years to come.

Sarah Pike is a lawyer in Vancouver, where she has worked since being called to the Bar of British Columbia in 1995. She has worked in a big firm, a small firm and government.  She has also been a graduate student in law and taught at a law school. Sarah is now a freelance lawyer practising Aboriginal and constitutional law through her own law firm, SPIKE Law.
Note: This review gives the views of the author, and not the position of the LSE Review of Books blog, or of the London School of Economics. 
Livres

BOOK : Leggi e giudici di fronte alle nuove realtà: nuove forme di filiazione e genitorialità

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Author
Alice Margaria

Publisher
Bologna: Società Editrice Il Mulino

Year of publication
2018 

ISBN
978-88-15-27797-8

OPAC

Abstract
Il volume prende in esame il divario fra la realtà sociale vissuta concretamente dalle famiglie che hanno fatto ricorso alla procreazione medicalmente assistita (PMA) e la loro totale o parziale inesistenza sul piano giuridico, causata dallo scarso aggiornamento in materia del diritto scritto. L’avvento della PMA infatti, oltre a dar luogo a nuove modalità di formazione del nucleo familiare, ha comportato la frammentazione delle nozioni – un tempo unitarie – di maternità e paternità, producendo quindi potenziale confusione sul versante della determinazione dello «status filiationis» del nuovo nato. A fronte di una pluralità di figure potenzialmente e/o fattualmente genitoriali, la responsabilità di «fare ordine» e di rispondere alle diverse istanze e ai bisogni delle nuove famiglie è ricaduta sulle spalle dei giudici, i quali hanno talvolta trovato fonte d’ispirazione nella giurisprudenza della Corte europea dei diritti umani. Spingendosi oltre i confini europei, la ricerca indaga il ruolo giocato dai giudici nazionali nel «fare da ponte» tra diritto e società,.portando alla luce le logiche, le tecniche e i principi che li hanno guidati nel risolvere le innumerevoli controversie giunte alla loro attenzione.

Livres

Livre : Les rites et usages funéraires: essais d’anthropologie juridique

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Auteur : Jean-François BOUDET (coord.)

Presses Universitaires Aix-Marseille

Les cérémonies mortuaires, les opérations liées aux sépultures et le culte des morts relèvent la plupart du temps de la religion.

En France, malgré l’affirmation d’une République laïque, en dépit des principes issus de la loi de séparation des Églises et de l’État du 9 décembre 1905 et de la fin du monopole de la religion en matière funéraire, la mort reste un sujet saisi par les religions. Cette situation repose sur l’expression d’une croyance liée au devoir dus aux morts. Si cette croyance dépasse même les religions au sens premier du terme pour s’étendre à d’autres pratiques et traditions, en d’autres parties du monde, elle demeure essentielle dans l’appréhension même de la mort.

Cette croyance, les pratiques et traditions qui en résultent, mettent ainsi en place des rites et usages funéraires qui appellent aujourd’hui un ensemble de questionnements et de réflexions dans un contexte mouvant de globalisations culturelles et financières et d’un retour des identités collectives autant qu’individuelles.

L’objet de cet ouvrage est ainsi de confronter cet événement qu’est la mort comme fait juridique, mais suivant une approche sociale, culturelle ou symbolique. Rassemblant un ensemble de contributions de chercheurs francophones (belges, canadiens, congolais, français, rwandais et suisses), cet ouvrage propose des lectures diversifiées sur les droits de la mort dans l’Histoire, les droits civils et la mort, les droits religieux et la mort ou encore les ailleurs de la mort.

Table des matières : ici

ISBN: 9782731411263. Nombre de pages: 296

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I. Merle (CNRS/CREDO), A. Muckle, L’indigénat. Genèses dans l’empire français. Pratiques en Nouvelle-Calédonie (Victoria University Wellington), Paris, 2019, CNRS éditions, 691.p

L’indigénat évoque une triste histoire. D’abord, pour les colonisés qui subirent pendant plus d’un demi-siècle les effets de ce régime juridique répressif. Ensuite, pour la nation française qui dévoya en colonie ses idéaux démocratiques en refusant de les étendre à ceux qu’elle soumettait.L’indigénat évoque une triste histoire. D’abord, pour les colonisés qui subirent pendant plus d’un demi-siècle les effets de ce régime juridique répressif. Ensuite, pour la nation française qui dévoya en colonie ses idéaux démocratiques en refusant de les étendre à ceux qu’elle soumettait.

Ce livre offre, pour la première fois, une histoire du régime de l’indigénat sur la longue durée, depuis ses origines les plus lointaines dans l’Algérie de la conquête jusqu’aux héritages les plus contemporains en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Dans ce pays, l’indigénat éclaire avec force les pratiques de la domination coloniale du point de vue de ceux qui l’exercent comme de ceux qui la subissent.

Isabelle Merle et Adrian Muckle offrent une réflexion au long cours sur la fabrique de la condition indigène et de l’exception coloniale à travers l’histoire singulière de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, dont la mémoire continue de hanter les débats contemporains.

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Otis ghislain (ed.), Contributions à l’étude des systèmes juridiques autochtones et coutumiers, HermanN, 2018

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Cet ouvrage collectif sur les systèmes juridiques autochtones et coutumiers est publié au moment où la connaissance de ces systèmes, restés jusqu’à aujourd’hui largement invisibles aux yeux de la majorité, est plus que jamais nécessaire à ceux qui réfléchissent aux voies d’une nouvelle relation entre autochtones et non-autochtones, qu’ils soient juristes, décideurs ou universitaires. La reconnaissance des traditions juridiques autochtones est en effet devenue un thème central dans la quête d’une « réconciliation ». Les auteurs analysent des données recueillies par des équipes impliquant le plus souvent des collaborateurs ou des partenaires autochtones. Ils expliquent et comparent les aspects fondamentaux de plusieurs ordres juridiques autochtones et coutumiers afin d’éclairer leur spécificité, mais aussi leur degré d’ouverture au dialogue avec les cultures juridiques occidentales. En plus de mieux faire comprendre les modes de production du droit chez les peuples autochtones, cette publication permet au lecteur de découvrir comment ces peuples abordent le droit de la famille, le règlement des conflits et le rapport au territoire. 

Ghislain Otis est membre du Barreau du Québec et détient un Ph.D. de l’Université de Cambridge. Professeur à la section de droit civil de l’Université d’Ottawa, il est titulaire de la Chaire de recherche du Canada sur la diversité juridique et les peuples autochtones (niveau 1). Le professeur Otis est aussi membre de l’Académie des sciences sociales de la Société royale du Canada. Il dirige un grand partenariat international de recherche sur la gestion du pluralisme juridique en contexte autochtone (voir www.legitimus.ca).

190 pages.  24,00 €

Publisher’s website : http://www.editions-hermann.fr/5440-contributions-a-l-etude-des-systemes-juridiques-autochtones-et-coutumiers.html

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Book : Jessica Carlisle, Muslim Divorce in the Middle East: Contesting Divorce in the Contemporary Courts (2019)

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Carlisle, J. Muslim Divorce in the Middle East: Contesting Divorce in the Contemporary Courts, Palgrave Pivot (Gender and Politics), 2019.

  • eBook ISBN 978-3-319-77007-9 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-77007-9
  • Hardcover ISBN 978-3-319-77006-2

  How have Muslim marriages legally ended around the turn of the 21st century? Who has the power to initiate and resist shari‘a derived divorce? When are husbands and wives made to bear the costs of their marital breakdown? What does divorce law indicate about the development of gender regimes in the Middle East and North Africa? 

  This book opens with a description of the historical development of Islamic divorce in the MENA. Subsequent chapters follow a Syrian male judge, a Moroccan female legal advice worker and a Libyan female judge as they deal with divorce cases in which husbands, wives, their relatives and lawyers debate gender roles in contemporary Muslim marriages. 

  MENA ‘state feminism’ has increasingly equalized men’s and women’s access to divorce and encouraged discussions about how spouses should treat each other in marriage. The real life outcomes of these reforms have often been surprising. Moreover, as the last chapter explores, jihadi proto-states (such as Islamic State) have violently rejected state feminist divorce law reform. 

  This accessible book will appeal to students, researchers and a general readership interested in Islamic law; Middle Eastern studies; gender and sexuality; and, legal and social anthropology.

To purchase the book : https://www.palgrave.com/de/book/9783319770062